Glossary
Dictionary of definitions and characteristics
Practical Data
Sensory
Sensory characteristics refer to the
Edibility ,
Taste
and
Smell
of the mushroom.
Edibility
The edibility of the mushrooms is divided into five categories. A mushroom belongs to one edibility category.
|
The mushroom is very edible. |
|---|---|
|
The mushroom is edible. |
|
The mushroom is poorly edible. |
|
The mushroom is poisonous. |
|
The mushroom is deadly poisonous. |
Taste
The taste of the mushrooms is described in five categories. A mushroom can cover several taste categories.
|
The mushroom tastes unpleasantly bitter. |
|---|---|
|
The mushroom tastes pleasantly mild, sweet, or neutral. |
|
The mushroom has a pleasant mushroom taste. |
|
The mushroom tastes spicy. |
|
The mushroom tastes mealy, gherkin-like, or rancid. |
Smell
The smell of the mushrooms is described in nine categories. A mushroom can cover several categories of smell.
|
The mushroom smells of anise. |
|---|---|
|
The mushroom smells of flowers. |
|
The mushroom smells unpleasantly musty of earth. |
|
The mushroom smells very unpleasantly putrid, rotting or carrion-like. |
|
The mushroom smells pleasantly spicy of mushroom. |
|
The mushroom smells of fish. |
|
The mushroom has a pungent, pleasant smell of marzipan or nuts. |
|
The mushroom smells of radish or beets. |
|
The mushroom smells pleasantly sweet, fresh, sour and fruit-like. |
Occurrence
Occurrence refers to the Rarity , Season and Growth of the mushroom.
Rarity
Mushrooms occur differently. Rarer mushrooms are often only of interest to experts. That's why we differentiate between relatively common and relatively rare mushrooms.
| Common | The mushroom is relatively common. |
|---|---|
| Rare | The mushroom is relatively rare. |
Season
Different mushrooms grow in different seasons.
| Begin of season | Beginning of the mushroom's growing season. |
|---|---|
| End of season | End of the mushroom's growing season. |
Growth
The place of growth of the mushrooms is divided into three categories. A mushroom can grow in different places.
|
The mushroom grows on forest soils, on earth, on the ground, in litter or on humus. |
|---|---|
|
The mushroom grows on meadows, on lawns, in gardens or in parks. |
|
The mushroom grows on wood. |
Shape
Shape refers to the
Size ,
Cap ,
Fruitbody ,
Stem ,
Stem Surface ,
and
Spore Donor
of the mushroom.
Size
The size of the mushroom is either the diameter of the cap if it has one or the whole mushroom.
| Min. | The minimum size of the mushroom. |
|---|---|
| Max. | The maximum size of the mushroom. |
Cap
The cap (Pileus) of a mushroom is the part of the fruiting body that bears the so-called hymenophore. The hymenophores are lamellae, folds, tubes, teeth, or smooth surface.
|
The mushroom's cap is sulcate, striped, grooved or cracked. |
|---|---|
|
The mushroom's cap is umbrella-shaped, i.e. slightly arched. |
|
The mushroom's cap is hemispherical. |
|
The mushroom has a pointed or humped fruit body. |
|
The mushroom's cap is funnel-shaped, forked, deepened, bulged. |
Fruitbody
The fruiting body (Karposoma) refers to the reproductive organs of multicellular mushrooms. These correspond to what is commonly referred to as a mushroom.
|
The fruiting body of the mushroom is coral-like or also club-like or tongue-like. |
|---|---|
|
The fruiting body is jelly-like or very soft. |
|
The fruiting body has spikes, spines, stubble or other protruding elevations. |
|
The fruiting body is tufted. |
|
The fruiting body is greasy or greasy. This doesn't refer to moisture from rain. |
|
The fruiting body is bleaching. |
|
The consistency of the fear body is hard, woody, tough. |
Stem
The stem of the mushroom is the area between the cap and the root of the mushroom or the floor.
|
The stem is rooted or streaky. |
|---|---|
|
The stem is fragile. Crumbles into flour-like small parts under stress. |
|
The stem is fibrous or longitudinally fibrous, similar to asparagus. |
|
The stem has a tuber. |
|
The stem has a ring. |
|
The stem is hollow or cottony hollow. |
Stem Surface
The stem surface of a mushroom is the area of the stem that is visible from the outside.
|
The surface of the stem has scales or flakes all over the stem. |
|---|---|
|
The surface of the stem is colubrid-patterned or stained. |
|
The surface of the stem is web-like. |
Spore Donor
The spore donor of a mushroom is the area where spores are formed for the propagation of the mushroom, i.e. often the lamellae and tubes.
|
The spore donor is adnate to the stem. |
|---|---|
|
The spore donor runs down the stem (e.g. chanterelle). |
|
The spore donor is free-standing. This means that there is no connection or a discernible gap between the stem and the gills. |
|
The gills or the fruiting body are bifurcated or cross-veined at the bottom. |
|
The gills of the mushroom are narrow or close. |
|
The edges of the gills are wavy or sawn. |
|
The spore donor secretes a frequently white or red liquid. |
Coloring
Shroomers differentiates among the coloring of the
Cap ,
Flesh ,
Gills ,
Stem ,
Cut Change ,
and
Spore Dust
Cap
The cap color refers to the color of the cap or the fruiting body if the mushroom does not have a cap.
| Black | The cap is colored black. |
|---|---|
| Blue | The cap is colored blue. |
| Brown | The cap is colored brown. |
| Gray | The cap is colored gray. |
| Green | The cap is colored green. |
| Orange | The cap is colored orange. |
| Pink | The cap is colored pink. |
| Red | The cap is colored red. |
| White | The cap is colored white. |
| Yellow | The cap is colored yellow. |
Flesh
The color of the flesh immediately after being cut. For the color changes after some time, see 'color cut change'
| Black | The flesh is colored black. |
|---|---|
| Blue | The flesh is colored blue. |
| Brown | The flesh is colored brown. |
| Gray | The flesh is colored gray. |
| Green | The flesh is colored green. |
| Orange | The flesh is colored orange. |
| Pink | The flesh is colored pink. |
| Red | The flesh is colored red. |
| White | The flesh is colored white. |
| Yellow | The flesh is colored yellow. |
Gills
The color of the gills or tubes.
| Black | The gills are colored black. |
|---|---|
| Blue | The gills are colored blue. |
| Brown | The gills are colored brown. |
| Gray | The gills are colored gray. |
| Green | The gills are colored green. |
| Orange | The gills are colored orange. |
| Pink | The gills are colored pink. |
| Red | The gills are colored red. |
| White | The gills are colored white. |
| Yellow | The gills are colored yellow. |
Stem
The color of the stem
| Black | The stem is colored black. |
|---|---|
| Blue | The stem is colored blue. |
| Brown | The stem is colored brown. |
| Gray | The stem is colored gray. |
| Green | The stem is colored green. |
| Orange | The stem is colored orange. |
| Pink | The stem is colored pink. |
| Red | The stem is colored red. |
| White | The stem is colored white. |
| Yellow | The stem is colored yellow. |
Cut Change
The color cut change refers to the color change after the mushroom has been cut or cut.
This color change can (partially) occur within minutes to a few hours. It does not, however, refer to a change in color due to rotting, other aging-related changes or artificially generated chemical reactions.
| Blue | The cut of the flesh or the milk turns blue after a short time. |
|---|---|
| Brown | The cut of the flesh or the milk turns brown after a short time. |
| Gray | The cut of the flesh or the milk turns gray after a short time. |
| Green | The cut of the flesh or the milk turns green after a short time. |
| None | The cut of the flesh or the milk turns into no other color after being cut. |
| Red | The cut of the flesh or the milk turns red after a short time. |
| Yellow | The cut of the flesh or milk turns yellow after a short time. |
Spore Dust
A mushroom's spores are its seeds. These can be used to create a so-called spore image, which helps tremendously to identify a given mushroom.
- How to create a spore image
-
Step 1 Make a sheet of paper that is black on one side and white on the other side. The reasoning here is that the colors of the spore powder can be better identified on different backgrounds.
-
Step 2 After preparing the black and white sheet, cut off the stem just below the cap. Try to cut the stem close to the cap so that the cap can be laid out flat on the ground.
-
Step 3 Place the mushroom cap with the spore donor facing downwards in the middle of the prepared paper and leave it there for a few hours.
-
Step 4 Remove the cap from the paper and look at the color (s) of the spore dust on the paper. It should be noted here that the spore powder can have different colors.
The spore image can be colored purely or as a combination of the following colors:
| Black | The spore dust is colored black. |
|---|---|
| Brown | The spore dust is colored brown. |
| Purple | The spore dust is colored purple. |
| Red | The spore dust is colored red. |
| White | The spore dust is colored white. |
| Yellow | The spore dust is colored yellow. |
Research Data
Etymology
Etymology is the study of the origin, history and meaning of words.
|
The scientific name of the mushroom. |
|---|---|
|
The year of the scientific publication covering the mushroom. |
|
The authors of the scientific study covering the mushroom. |
|
|
|---|---|
| The Latin language has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. | |
| Feminine | The Latin name is feminine. |
| Masculine | The Latin name is masculine. |
| Neuter | The Latin name is neuter. |
|
|
|---|---|
| Academics differentiate between different types of Latin names. Accordingly, we differentiate between Basionym, Combination, and Nomen novum. | |
| Basionym | Basionym refers to the original name on which a new name is based on. |
| Combination | A newly published name that is introduced based on a pre-existing name. |
| Nomen novum | A nomen novum is a scientific name that is created to replace another scientific name that can no longer be used due to technical or nomenclatural reasons. |
|
|
|---|---|
| In scientific biological classification, taxonomic rank is a relative position of a group of organisms (i.e. a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy. | |
| Kingdom | Kingdom (Latin: Regnum) is the second-highest taxonomic rank that is just below domain. Learn more (Wikipedia) |
| Subkingdom | Subkingdom is a taxonomic group that is a subdivision of a Kingdom. |
| Division | Division , in mycology, refers to a taxonomic rank below a Kingdom and Subkingdom but above Subdivision. The term phylum is equivalent. Learn more (Wikipedia) |
| Subdivision | Subdivision is a taxonomic group that is a subdivision of a Division. |
| Class | Class (Latin: Classis) is a taxonomic rank below a Division and Subdivision but above Order. Learn more (Wikipedia) |
| Subclass | Subclass is a taxonomic group that is a subdivision of a Class. |
| Order | Order (Latin: Ordo) is a taxonomic rank below a Class and Subclass but above Family. Learn more (Wikipedia) |
| Suborder | Suborder is a taxonomic group that is a subdivision of a Order. |
| Family | Family (Latin: Familia) is a taxonomic rank below Order and Suborder but above Tribe. Learn more (Wikipedia) |
| Subfamily | Subfamily is a taxonomic group that is a subdivision of a Family. |
| Tribe | Tribe , in mycology, is a taxonomic rank below Family and Subfamily but above Genus. Learn more (Wikipedia) |
| Subtribe | Subtribe is a taxonomic group that is a subdivision of a Tribe. |
| Genus | Genus is a taxonomic rank below a Tribe and Subtribe but above Section. Learn more (Wikipedia) |
| Subgenus | Subgenus is a taxonomic group that is a subdivision of a Genus. |
| Section | Section (Latin: Sectio), in mycology, is a taxonomic rank below Genus and Subgenus but above Series. Learn more (Wikipedia) |
| Subsection | Subsection is a taxonomic group that is a subdivision of a Section. |
| Series | Series , in mycology, is a taxonomic rank below section and Subsection but above Species. Learn more (Wikipedia) |
| Subseries | Subseries is a taxonomic group that is a subdivision of a Series. |
| Species | Species is a taxonomic rank below a Series and Subseries but above Variety. Learn more (Wikipedia) |
| Subspecies | Subspecies is a taxonomic group that is a subdivision of a Species. |
| Variety | Variety (Latin: Varietas) is a taxonomic rank below a Species and Subspecies but above Form. Learn more (Wikipedia) |
| Subvariety | Subvariety is a taxonomic group that is a subdivision of a Variety. |
| Form | Form (Latin: Forma) is a taxonomic rank below Variety and Subvariety but above Forma specialis Learn more (Wikipedia) |
| Subform | Subform is a taxonomic group that is a subdivision of a Form. |
| Forma specialis | Forma specialies is an informal taxonomic rank that is often used for parasites. Learn more (Wikipedia) |
| Race | Race is an informal taxonomic rank below Forma specialis. Learn more (Wikipedia) |
Classification
Scientific Classification refers to the scientific process of grouping living organisms by their similarity.
For this purpose, different ranks are used, which together represent a taxonomy. Historically, the classification was primarily done by observing the physical characteristics of an organism. Today, however, technologies such as genome sequencing are often applied.
